How has spending in euros on research and development in the business, government and higher education sectors developed in relation to gross domestic product (GDP)?

Further information on this indicator

  • Investments in research and development (R&D) are seen as the core of innovation developments in an economy. Investment is made up of three sectors: Government, Universities and Business.

  • The German government is pursuing the goal of investing at least 3% of GDP annually in research and development by 2030.

  • For indicators without a set baseline value, 2030Watch uses the SDSN method to orient itself to the second-worst value in the given country comparison.

  • This is an official indicator of the German sustainability strategy.